Parviz Tanavoli's exhibition at the Davis Museum of arts at Wellesley College.[/caption]WELLESLEY A series of major exhibitions in the Northeast devoted to art from Iran kicked off this month in Massachusetts with Parviz Tanavoli, a retrospective of one of Irans most admired modernists, at the Davis Museum at Wellesley College.
That the Davis is one of several US museums this year daring to present a vision of Iran that extends beyond the glowering ayatollahs and the unending roundelay of nuclear negotiations does it great credit. Relations between the two countries are as combustible as ever; the logistics of loans, travel, and funding are consequently daunting.
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JOHN GORDONLovers (silver and gold, 2012).[/caption]
But the Davis is not alone. The Tanavoli show coincides with Bazm and Razm, an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York devoted to themes of feasting (bazm) and fighting (razm) in Persian art since the 15th century. Next month, the Guggenheim Museum in New York will present a survey of mirror works and drawings by the celebrated Iranian modernist Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, now in her 90s.
And in May, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., will mount Shirin Neshat: Facing History, a look at the career of the acclaimed photographer and filmmaker perhaps the best known of Irans recent crop of contemporary artists.
An Iranian moment? It almost feels like it.
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JOHN GORDONParviz Tanavoli, with Big Heech Lovers (2007).[/caption]
The Tanavoli retrospective has been organized by the Daviss director, Lisa Fischman, and Brown University art historian Shiva Balaghi, and sponsored by the London-based philanthropists Maryam and Edward Eisler and Goldman Sachs. It is a major event a great introduction both to a very fine artist and to some of the complexities of Iranian art in the modern era.The show is bustling with sculptures too many, in truth in shiny, patinated, or brightly painted bronze or stainless steel, as well as paintings, works on paper, painted ceramics, metalwork, jewelry, and neon.
Steeped in Persian culture both high and low, Tanavoli is an unashamedly poetic, philosophical artist. Some of his work has a drowsy, overly symmetrical character the symptom of an artist perhaps too enamored of symbols and universals, not enough interested in specifics.
But at his best, he combines a strain of melancholy that feels peculiarly Iranian with the stark declarative flourish, the insouciant style, and the energy of Pop Art.
American Pop Art actually was a crucial early influence on Tanavoli, who divides his time between Vancouver, British Columbia, and Tehran. Born in 1937, he studied art in Tehran and then Carrara, Italy. Back in Iran in 1958, he mounted a show remembered as the first modern sculpture exhibition in that country.
He returned to Italy to further his studies in Milan, and then established a studio on Pahlavi Avenue, a lively neighborhood in South Tehran filled with street vendors, pottery workshops, foundries, and blacksmiths.
All these places, and the wares they sold, aroused Tanavoli. He began collecting locks, posters, carpets, and talismans, incorporating many of his finds in his work: both literally, in assemblages, and as graphic signs.
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JOHN GORDONDetail of Poet Turning Into Heech (bronze).[/caption]
His renown, following the success of his 1958 show, was growing, and his studio became a gathering place for fellow artists who soon formed a group devoted to Irans vernacular and religious culture, a tendency comparable in some ways to Pop Arts infatuation with everyday consumerism in the west.
Known as the Saqqa-khaneh School, the group was named after the street-side structures housing public fountains, which double as memorials to the seventh-century martyr Imam Hossein, whose army was deprived of water by the Caliph Yazid in the Battle of Karbala. It was funkier, more street-savvy, than the elaborate-sounding back story suggests.
Shortly after meeting the US philanthropist and collector Abby Weed Grey in 1961, Tanavoli saw more of American modernism, including burgeoning Pop Art, when he traveled to Minnesota (Greys home state) as an artist-in-residence.
When he returned, he seemed to have a sharpened sense of what he didnt like in both western and Iranian art of the time.
In 1965, Tanavoli hit on the motif for which he is best known: a calligraphic figure known as heech, the Persian word for nothingness. He has since made hundreds of heech works, most but by no means all of them sculpted. They are huge and tiny, in bronze and in neon, on boxes or behind bars. They are endlessly supple both materially and philosophically. Like dancing figures, they twist and writhe, leap and recline, and refuse to be pinned down.
The Davis show boasts an impressive congregation of them, centering on an 11-foot stainless steel version. Smaller ones are painted pink, blue, red, and black. They provide a welcome island of color in a show that is otherwise overwhelmingly bronze-colored.
Why heech?
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JOHN GORDONNeon Heech (2012).[/caption]
Tanavoli has explained that, at the time he hit upon heech, he was caught between wanting to ward off a sense of nothingness and wanting to succumb to it. He was in a mood, too, to protest glib fads. He was especially irritated by the increasing emphasis on calligraphy in the work of the Saqqa-khaneh artists, whose ranks had quickly swollen.
Given this resistance, its obviously ironic that Tanavolis renown today rests in large part on heech, especially since calligraphy continues to feature (mostly as a decorative element with exotic overtones) in the work of the Iranian artists most sought after in the west today.
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JOHN GORDONThe Poet (bronze, 1973).[/caption]
But Tanavolis heech can embrace these and even bigger ironies. Its meaning derives from strains of Sufism, which regard nothingness in mystical terms, linked to the dissolution of ego, the unity of all things, and a paradoxical fullness of life.
Even as he delved deeper into heech and its many forms, both poetic and formal, Tanavoli was acutely aware that religions beside Sufism had arrived at similar concepts. And so had many artists, including several inked with Pop: Robert Rauschenbergs monochrome canvases and Andy Warhols endlessly repeated soup cans were both, Tanavoli has said, expressions of heech.
Tanavoli had to resign as head of the sculpture department at Tehran University after the 1979 Revolution. But his art has advanced on many fronts in the decades since.
Drawing on figures and stories in Irans great national epic, the Shahnama (or Book of Kings), and on a panoply of literary, folkloric and visual motifs, Tanavoli has compiled a body of work rich in poetic symbolism. All the while, he has been prodigiously busy as a teacher and scholar.
As visitors to the Davis will discover, he is the author of an astonishing array of books on subjects ranging from tribal rugs and horse and camel trappings to Persian steel and locks. He is a fascinating artist, no question; you emerge from this exhibition with the impression that he must be at least as fascinating as a man.
This article was written bySebastian Smee for the Boston Globe on Feb. 21, 2015. Smee, an art critic for the Globe, was awarded the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in Criticism. He previously wrote for a number of publications in London and Sydney. Smee is the author of five books on Lucian Freud, and one on Matisse and Picasso.
