A former member of the US Senate himself, John Kerry is fine with Congress having a role in any nuclear deal the Obama administration and the international community strikes with Iran.
But the US secretary of state stresses that the choice the United States faces wont be between this (still tentative) pact and an even tougher deal. The choice will be this deal or no deal.
Look,if Russia, China, Germany, France, and Britain, all of whom have nuclear programs, sign off on this, and all their experts say its a good deal, and Congress for political reasons wants to go kill it, theyre walking away, Kerry says of the other parties to the negotiations.
And if they do walk away, Kerry said during a Sunday sit-down at his Beacon Hill home, that would spell the end of the international sanctions regime on Iran.
We have an opportunity for a comprehensive plan to block every pathway Iran might use to build a nuclear weapon, writes John Kerry.
There will be no sanctions, because none of them will enforce sanctions if they think we had a reasonable deal, but only the Congress decides no, Kerry said. In that circumstance, the United States wont be able to keep the P5+1 nations (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany) together for such an effort, Kerry says.
Which leads to the secretary of states bottom line. The whole mythology Ive heard, from [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu to Republican members of the House and Senate Oh, just squeeze them to death, raise the sanctions not gonna happen, he concludes.
Look,if Russia, China, Germany, France, and Britain ... and all their experts say its a good deal, and Congress for political reasons wants to go kill it, theyre walking away.
Secretary of State John Kerry, in an interview on the Iran nuclear pact
Obviously the details, which must be thrashed out by June 30, are critically important. For now, Kerry isnt hugely concerned about the somewhat different Iranian statements on the framework.
If its not what we believe we agreed to and if its not what we have to have, we wont sign a deal, he declares.
Partisan critics and Republican presidential candidates may scoff, but what the Kerry-led effort has accomplished so far is impressive. The framework agreed to earlier this month was tougher, more comprehensive, and with a greater level of inspections than many had thought possible.
It would markedly reduce the number of Irans operational uranium-enrichment centrifuges for 10 years; limit enrichment to reactor-fuel level (well below weapons grade) and decrease Irans stores of that uranium by 98 percent for 15 years; reconfigure its heavy-water reactor so it cant produce weapons-grade plutonium; and give the International Atomic Energy Agency regular inspections access to Irans nuclear facilities.
If implemented, then, the pact would address the most problematic parts of Irans nuclear program. Thats why the reaction from nonproliferation experts has been largely favorable.
In our interview, Kerry stressed an aspect of the framework that has gotten less attention: the close scrutiny the IAEA will bring to bear on the entirety of Irans nuclear-fuel cycle.
We got 25 years a hell of a long time of everyday inspection of the entire fuel cycle, all of their uranium, from the mine to the mill to the yellowcake to the gas to the centrifuge, out into waste, he said.
Jeffrey Lewis, a nonproliferation expert at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, says that if the final agreement is true to the framework, the extensiveness of the inspections would make it very hard for them to construct a covert facility, always a significant concern in attempts to curtail nuclear-weapons programs.
If and when Congress weighs in, any final agreement should be judged against both the pre-negotiation situation and that which might ensue without the deal.
There, one point in particular stands out: The provisions of the tentative deal would lengthen from a couple of months to at least a year the period it would take Iran to produce enough fissile material to make one bomb. (The so-called break-out period doesnt include the time to turn the nuclear material into a weapon.)
If we saw them moving towards that, which we will [be able to], we will then be able to move first back to sanctions if we want to, or immediately to a military option, Kerry notes.
Which is to say, compared to the alternatives, the risks we will be taking with this deal are not huge. The potential rewards, however, are.
Thats why, on this vital matter, reflexive partisanship should stop at the waters edge.
By The Boston Globe
