Two people were injured in nine explosions in the Bodhgaya temple complex, in northern Bihar state.
Police described the bombs as low-intensity timed devices. Windows and one door in the complex were damaged.
The Indian government said the blasts were a terror attack. No group has said it was responsible.
Witnesses said some of the bombs exploded close to the Bodhi tree, thought to be a descendent of the one that the Buddha sat under, according to tradition.
Police said there was no damage to the tree.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh strongly condemned the blasts, saying: "Such attacks on religious places will be never be tolerated."
The Bodhgaya complex is one of the oldest Buddhist sites in India, and was listed by Unesco in 2002.
Correspondents say attacks on Buddhists are rare in India, but there have been recent Muslim-Buddhist tensions in nearby Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
By BBC
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