Piecing together the mystery of Iranian nuclear strategy suggests that right now, the Islamic Republic is perhaps willingto speed up negotiations without preconditions and with greater transparency.Its commonly thought that Supreme LeaderAli Khameneiis responsible for all matters concerning Irans nuclear program, while the talks with the the five permanent members of theUN Security Councilplus Germany are handled by Saeed Jalili, the national security adviser and chief nuclear negotiator.
Iran has never appointed an official spokesman to explain its positions, let alone itsnuclear plans. Thats why many people were surprised by the recent declaration by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov thatIranwas willing to suspendits 20-percent uranium enrichment.
Is this Irans position? Irans two official news agencies, Fars and Mehr, quoted Lavrovs demand that the sanctions against Iran gradually be lifted. They also reported his position onSyria. But they didnt mention any suspension of uranium enrichment. Instead, they devoted banner headlines to Irans victory over South Koreas national soccer team, proudly announcing that this was Irans ticket to the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
At the same time, it seems hardly likely that Lavrov would make such a dramatic declaration if it were groundless. According to reports from the Iranian opposition a few months ago, President-electHasan Rowhaniwas sent to Kazakhstan by Khamenei in February on the eve of the dialogue between Iran and the P5+1.
Did he talk with the Russians about the regimes intentions to adopt a new policy after the presidential election? Is the tough Iranian position at the talks in Kazakhstan and Istanbul targeted at domestic political goals, once Iran understood that there was no danger of an attack on its nuclear installations before the election?
The answers to these questions will become clearer later; in the meantime, it appears Lavrovs statement contradicts Rowhanis declaration that Iran would continue to enrich uranium. At the same time, at a press conference Monday, Rowhani made no reference to the extent of uranium enrichment or on the amount of uranium that would be enriched.
There is a consensus in the West that uranium enrichment to 3.5 percent cannot be regarded as a threat or as a violation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. According to a report by the International Atomic Energy Agency in February, Iran has around six tons of uranium enriched to 3.5 percent and, since February 2011, has enriched 280 kilograms of uranium to 20 percent.
Since 50 kilograms of that enriched uranium have been converted into nuclear fuel, Iran now has 170 kilograms of uranium enriched to 20 percent; this is an insufficient quantity for a nuclear bomb. The ceiling for the quantity of enriched uranium to which Tehran has adhered to steadfastly is intended to make it clear to the West that it has no plans for producing nuclear weapons, although Iran can still produce 15 kilograms of uranium enriched to 20 percent each month.
The West is demanding that uranium enrichment not exceed 20 percent and that Irans supply of enriched uranium be transferred abroad. Iran rejects this demand, and Lavrovs declaration doesnt make clear whether Iran has given Russia a commitment on suspending uranium enrichment, how long a suspension might be be maintained, and under what conditions.
The nuclear talks with Iran are expected to be renewed in August, after Rowhani is officially installed as president. Still, a spokesman for the Iranian Foreign Ministry said Tuesday Iran would be willing to start the talks earlier if asked to do so.
This declaration also represents a change in Irans handling of the talks, after they were frozen between 2009 and 2011 and were again frozen for more than a year. Today it seems Iran is willing to speed up the negotiations, that its not presenting any conditions for their renewal ?(at least for now?) and that Tehran, according to Rowhani, is prepared for greater transparency and possibly even tighter supervision.
By Haaretz
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